ABSTRACT
It cannot be assumed that the experience of having an autistic child is the same across countries since demographic and systemic factors are as diverse as the manifestation of ASD symptomatology. This study explores the lived experiences of 20 Venezuelan parents after receiving an autism diagnosis for their child. Applied thematic analysis was used to analyze parental attitudes, challenges in identifying their child's delay, access to diagnostic services, beliefs towards autism, professional evaluations, family support, and perceptions toward health and educational services for autistic children. Venezuelan parents reported a generalized lack of autism awareness, an unsupportive school system, and judgment from their extended family. Despite the universal health coverage in the country, Venezuelan parents commented on the scarcity of services, as well as the lengthy and costly processes to receive an ASD diagnosis. The results support previous research findings showing that socioeconomic factors influence how parents experience the process of obtaining an autism diagnosis for their children. For most Venezuelan parents, it might imply a long journey in which limited resources and knowledge about autism will determine its route and length. For parents, cultural values and spiritual and religious beliefs will serve as both coping mechanisms and barriers to accessing services.
Subject(s)
Autistic Disorder , Child , Humans , Autistic Disorder/diagnosis , Parents , Socioeconomic Factors , SchoolsABSTRACT
Latino children are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder later in life, usually with more severe symptoms, and lower IQs, compared with non-Latino children. Possible reasons for such disparities could be due to lower levels of parent education, lower socioeconomic status, limited knowledge of parents about autism spectrum disorder, and diminished health-care knowledge. The goal of the study was to describe the age of parental concerns and at first autism spectrum disorder diagnosis, and factors associated with age at the first diagnosis in a sample of Venezuelan children. Diagnostic and demographic data were collected from 103 children between 2 and 7 years of age. Although the mean age of first concerns was 17 months, the age of diagnosis varied from 53.03 months for the Pervasive Developmental Disorders-Not Otherwise specified group to 54.38 months for the autism group. Although parents were aware of developmental difficulties before the second year of life, their children were diagnosed 36 months later. In Latin cultures, behavior problems are usually attributed to poor parenting skills, so parents might take longer to seek professional help. A better understanding of cultural influences on age of diagnosis will translate to quicker use of services independent of ethnicity.
Subject(s)
Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis , Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data , Age Distribution , Age of Onset , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Parents , Socioeconomic Factors , VenezuelaABSTRACT
El objetivo de la presente investigación que estuvo dirigido a determinar la frecuencia del trastorno por déficit de atención-hiperactividad [TDAH] en estudiantes universitarios. La muestra estuvo constituida por 411 estudiantes universitarios de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre 17 y 47 años, cursantes entre el 1er y 5to semestre de la Escuela de Educación de la Universidad del Zulia de la ciudad de Maracaibo. Para la identificación de los casos probables se utilizó el cuestionario de cribado ASR-S v1.1 y el FASCT. Los universitarios con puntajes positivos en ambas escalas de tamizaje, se seleccionaron para ser evaluados con la M.I.N.I plus. Los resultados indicaron que la prevalencia estimada en estudiantes universitarios es de 4,8%, caracterizándose el predominio de síntomas de impulsividad-hiperactividad. La comorbilidad asociada al diagnóstico de TDAH en la muestra estudiada fue de 35%. El estimado de prevalencia de 4,35% debe ser considerado como un signo de alerta de la necesidad de diagnóstico y tratamiento para esta población.
The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in college students. The sample was constituted by 411 college students, ages between 17 and 47 years, attending the School of Education at the Universidad del Zulia, 1st thru 5th semester. The identification of probable cases was performed by using the ASR-S v1.1 and FASCT as screening instruments. For the second part of the diagnostic process, students with positive scores in both screening measures were selected to be interviewed using the M.I.N.I plus. Results indicated that the estimated prevalence of ADHD in college students is 4.8%, with a behavioral profile which suggests that hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms were predominant in this sample. Comorbidity related to the ADHD diagnosis was 35%. A prevalence estimate of 4.35% should be considered as an alert sign for the need of diagnostic and treatment of this population.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Students , Surveys and Questionnaires , Universities , Venezuela/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in college students. The sample was constituted by 411 college students, ages between 17 and 47 years, attending the School of Education at the Universidad del Zulia, 1st thru 5th semester. The identification of probable cases was performed by using the ASR-S v1.1 and FASCT as screening instruments. For the second part of the diagnostic process, students with positive scores in both screening measures were selected to be interviewed using the M.I.N.I plus. Results indicated that the estimated prevalence of ADHD in college students is 4.8%, with a behavioral profile which suggests that hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms were predominant in this sample. Comorbidity related to the ADHD diagnosis was 35%. A prevalence estimate of 4.35% should be considered as an alert sign for the need of diagnostic and treatment of this population.
